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Thor is a fictional superhero that appears in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character, based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name, is the Asgardian god of thunder and possesses the enchanted hammer Mjolnir, which grants him the ability of flight and weather manipulation amongst his other superhuman attributes. Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character first appeared in ''Journey into Mystery'' #83 (Aug. 1962) and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee, scripter Larry Lieber, and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby. He has starred in several ongoing series and limited series, and is a founding member of the superhero team the Avengers, appearing in each volume of that series. The character has also appeared in associated Marvel merchandise including animated television series, clothing, toys, trading cards, video games, and movies. Chris Hemsworth portrays Thor in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films ''Thor'', ''The Avengers'', ''Thor: The Dark World'' and ''Avengers: Age of Ultron'' and will reprise his role in ''Thor: Ragnarok'' and both parts of ''Avengers: Infinity War''. Thor placed 14th on IGN's list of "Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time" in 2011, and first in their list of "The Top 50 Avengers" in 2012. ==Publication history== The Marvel Comics superhero Thor debuted in the science fiction/fantasy anthology title ''Journey into Mystery'' #83 (cover-date Aug. 1962), and was created by editor-plotter Stan Lee, scripter Larry Lieber, and penciller-plotter Jack Kirby. A different version of the mythological Thor had appeared previously in ''Venus'' #12-13 (Feb.-April 1951).〔Sanderson, Peter "1940s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 39: "Not only did Olympian gods appear, but so did the Norse gods Thor and Loki."〕 Lee in 2002 described Thor's genesis early in the Marvel pantheon, following the creation of the Hulk: In a 1984 interview Kirby said "I did a version of Thor for D.C. in the Fifties before I did him for Marvel. I created Thor at Marvel because I was forever enamored of legends, which is why I knew about Balder, Heimdall, and Odin. I tried to update Thor and put him into a superhero costume, but he was still Thor."〔Jack Kirby interviewed by James Van Hise in 1984 for COMICS FEATURE #34.〕 And in a 1992 interview, Kirby said "() knew the Thor legends very well, but I wanted to modernize them. I felt that might be a new thing for comics, taking the old legends and modernizing them."〔Green, Rick, Jack Kirby: Prisoner of Gravity, The Jack Kirby Collector #14 (February 1997), p. 18〕 Subsequent stories of the 13-page feature "The Mighty Thor" continued to be plotted by Lee, and were variously scripted by Lieber or by Robert Bernstein, working under the pseudonym "R. Berns". Various artists penciled the feature, including Jack Kirby, Joe Sinnott, Don Heck, and Al Hartley. With ''Journey into Mystery'' #101 (Feb. 1964), the series began a long and definitive run by writer and co-plotter Lee and penciler and co-plotter Kirby that lasted until the by-then-retitled ''Thor'' #179 (Aug. 1970).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Thor'' (I) • ''The Mighty Thor'' (I) (1966-1996) )〕 Lee and Kirby included Thor in ''The Avengers'' #1 (Sept. 1963) as a founding member of the superhero team.〔DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 94: "Filled with some wonderful visual action, The Avengers #1 has a very simple story: the Norse god Loki tricked the Hulk into going on a rampage. In response, Rick Jones and his Teen Brigade tried to contact the Fantastic Four for help. However, Loki redirected the radio signal so Thor would hear it in the expectation that he would battle (Hulk )."〕 The character has since appeared in every subsequent volume of the series. The five-page featurette "Tales of Asgard" was added in ''Journey into Mystery'' #97 (Oct. 1963),〔DeFalco "1960s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 95: "These backup stories originally began with updated versions of Norse mythology, but later switched to the adventures of a younger Thor."〕 followed by "The Mighty Thor" becoming the dominant cover logo with issue #104 (May 1964). The feature itself expanded to 18 pages in #105, which eliminated the remaining anthological story from each issue; it was reduced to 16 pages five issues later. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that "the adventures of Thor were gradually transformed from stories about a strange-looking superhero into a spectacular saga." Artist Chic Stone, who inked several early Thor stories, observed that "Kirby could just lead you through all these different worlds. The readers would follow him anywhere." ''Journey into Mystery'' was retitled ''Thor'' (per the indicia, or ''The Mighty Thor'' per most covers)〔 with issue #126 (March 1966). "Tales of Asgard" was replaced by a five-page featurette starring the Inhumans from #146–152 (Nov. 1967 – May 1968), after which featurettes were dropped and the Thor stories expanded to Marvel's then-standard 20-page length. Marvel filed for a trademark for "The Mighty Thor" in 1967 and the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued the registration in 1970. After Kirby left the title, Neal Adams penciled issues #180-181 (Sept.-Oct. 1970). John Buscema then became the regular artist the following issue. Buscema continued to draw the book almost without interruption until #278 (Dec. 1978). Lee stopped scripting soon after Kirby left, and during Buscema's long stint on the book, the stories were mostly written by Gerry Conway, Len Wein, or Roy Thomas. Thomas continued to write the book after Buscema's departure, working much of the time with the artist Keith Pollard; during this period Thomas integrated many elements of traditional Norse mythology into the title, with specific stories translated into comics form.〔 Following Thomas's tenure, ''Thor'' had a changing creative team. In the mid-1970s, Marvel considered giving the character a second series as a black-and-white magazine published as part of its Curtis Magazines line. A story written by Steve Englehart for the aborted project appeared in ''Thor Annual'' #5 (1976). A black-and-white Thor story appeared in ''Marvel Preview'' #10 (Winter 1977).〔(''Marvel Preview'' #10 ) at the Grand Comics Database〕 Walt Simonson took over both writing and art as of #337 (Nov. 1983). His stories placed a greater emphasis on the character's mythological origins. Simonson's run as writer-artist lasted until #367 (May 1986), although he continued to write – and occasionally draw – the book until issue #382 (Aug. 1987). Simonson's run, which introduced the character Beta Ray Bill, was regarded as a popular and critical success.〔DeFalco "1980s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 213: "This issue began a highly acclaimed run by writer/artist Walt Simonson that would last for nearly four years and end with issue #382 (Aug. 1987)."〕 Simonson's later stories were drawn by Sal Buscema, who describes Simonson's stories as "very stimulating. It was a pleasure working on his plots, because they were a lot of fun to illustrate. He had a lot of great ideas, and he took ''Thor'' in a totally new direction." Asked why he was leaving ''Thor'', Simonson said that he felt the series was due for a change in creative direction, and that he wanted to reduce his work load for a time. After Simonson's departure, Marvel's editor-in-chief at the time, Tom DeFalco, became the writer. Working primarily with artist Ron Frenz, DeFalco stayed on the book until #459 (Feb. 1993). As a consequence of the "Heroes Reborn" crossover story arc of the 1990s, Thor was removed from mainstream Marvel continuity and with other Marvel characters re-imagined in an alternate universe for one year. The ''Thor'' title reverted to ''Journey into Mystery'' with issue #503 (Nov. 1996), and ran four different, sequential features ("The Lost Gods"; "Master of Kung Fu"; "Black Widow" and "Hannibal King") before ceasing publication with #521 (June 1998). When the character was returned to the mainstream Marvel Universe, Thor was relaunched with ''Thor'' vol. 2, #1 (July 1998).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Thor'' (II) • ''The Mighty Thor'' (II) (1998-2004) )〕〔Manning, Matthew K. "1990s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 289: "Thor thundered into his new ongoing series by writer Dan Jurgens and artist John Romita, Jr."〕 As of issue #36, the title used dual numbering in a tribute to the original Thor series, and the caption box for said issue became #36 / #538 (June 2001). The title ran until issue #85 / #587, dated December 2004. Dan Jurgens wrote the first 79 issues, with Daniel Berman and Michael Avon Oeming completing the series. The third volume debuted as ''Thor'' #1 (Sept. 2007), initially written by J. Michael Straczynski and penciled by Olivier Coipel.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Thor'' (III) (2007-2009) )〕〔Manning "2000s" in Gilbert (2008), p. 337: "With his impressive run ending on ''The Amazing Spider-Man'', writer J. Michael Straczynski decided to tackle another of Marvel's iconic pantheon - Thor."〕 Beginning with what would have been vol. 3, #13 (January 2009), the third volume reverted to issue #600, reflecting the total number of published issues from all three volumes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ''Thor'' (I cont.) (2009-2011) )〕 Kieron Gillen took over from Straczynski in ''Thor'' #604 with artists Billy Tan, Richard Elson and Dougie Braithwaite, with his final storyline finishing in issue #614. Afterward, Matt Fraction took over the series with issue #615, after having been announced as starting in ''Thor'' #610 and #611. To coincide with the ''Thor'' film, Marvel launched a number of new series starring the character in mid-2010. These included ''Thor: The Mighty Avenger'' by Roger Langridge and Chris Samnee, ''Thor: First Thunder'' by Bryan J. L. Glass and Tan Eng Huat, ''Thor: For Asgard'' by Robert Rodi and Simone Bianchi, and ''Iron Man/Thor'' by the writing duo of Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning. In April 2011, ''Thor'' once again reverted to its original title of ''Journey into Mystery'' with issue #622, reuniting writer Gillen and artist Braithwaite in a series of stories starring Thor's adopted brother, Loki. An ongoing series, titled ''The Mighty Thor'', launched the same month with writer Fraction and artist Coipel. The series ended with issue #22 in October 2012. In October 2012, Thor became a regular character in ''Uncanny Avengers'', beginning with issue #1. The following month, an ongoing series titled ''Thor: God of Thunder'' by writer Jason Aaron and artist Esad Ribić debuted as part of the Marvel NOW! relaunch. In October 2014, a fourth volume of ''Thor'' by Jason Aaron and artist Russell Dauterman debuted that featured a female character in the role of Thor after the classic hero is no longer able to wield Mjolnir. Aaron stated that "this is not She-Thor. This is not Lady Thor. This is not Thorita. This is Thor. This is the Thor of the Marvel Universe. But it’s unlike any Thor we’ve ever seen before." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thor (Marvel Comics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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